How does FTTH Work and Deploy Through Optical Fiber ?

FTTH (fiber to the home) is one of the most important technologies for current fiber optic networks. It is the installation and use of fiber optic cable from a central point directly to home or office to provide high-speed internet access.

How does FTTH work?

FTTH(fiber to the home) is that it connects optical fiber directly to residences. It uses optical fiber for most or all of last-mile telecommunications. fiber transmits data using light signals to achieve higher performance. FTTH access networks are basically structured like this: fiber optic cables run from a central office, through a fiber distribution hub (FDH), then through a network access point (NAP), then finally into the home or office through a terminal that serves as a junction box.

Fiber to The Home Architecture and Components

There are two important types of systems that make FTTH broadband connections possible. They are active optical networks (AONs) and passive optical networks (PONs). each offer ways to separate data and route it to the proper place, while they have differences. Active Optical Networks are the easiest way to connect homes with optical fiber.  Although it can provide the maximum amount of bandwidth, it tends to be expensive because it requires every home to have a dedicated fiber. Instead, Passive Optical Networks make it possible to share expensive fiber components with the use of splitters, which divide an input and allows to broadcast services to several homes. Generally, Both types have their own benefits in FTTH deployment, but using PONs is a cost-effective solution. PON architecture offers more advantages because a single shared optical fiber can support multiple users.

What Benefits of FTTH?

The important benefit of fiber to the home is that it provides for far faster connection speeds and carrying capacity than twisted pair conductors, DSL or coaxial cable. For example, a single copper pair conductor can carry six phone calls. A single fiber pair can carry more than 2.5 million phone calls simultaneously.

FTTH Network Deployment

Optical Line Terminal (OTL) locates at the ISP(internet service provider) side, Optical Network Unit (ONU) places at the customer’s premises. To realize the connection between OLT and ONU, There are Non-optical equipments and optical components need, like fiber patch panel, fiber closure, fiber distribution box,  coupler and adapter, splitters, patch cords.