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How To Choose PLC Splitter For Your Fiber Network ？
A PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitter is a passive optical component widely used in fiber optic networks, including GPON and EPON systems. It divides an incoming optical signal into multiple output paths, allowing a single optical line terminal (OLT) port to serve multiple optical network terminals (ONTs) through a passive optical distribution network.
PLC splitters are available in different split ratios, package types, and connector configurations. Choosing the right splitter requires consideration of the network design, available optical power budget, installation environment, and fiber management requirements.
This guide introduces common PLC splitter types and explains the key factors to consider when selecting a suitable model for FTTH and other PON applications.
Common PLC Splitter Package Types
PLC splitters are manufactured in several packaging formats to accommodate different installation environments and fiber distribution requirements.
Bare fiber PLC splitter
A bare fiber PLC splitter typically has unterminated input and output fibers that can be fusion-spliced directly into the optical distribution network.
This configuration is suitable for installations where permanent spliced connections are preferred and space is limited.
Bare fiber splitters can be installed inside compatible splice trays, fiber distribution boxes, or other protective enclosures.
Because the fiber ends are not pre-connectorized, proper splicing, routing, and protection are required during installation.
Mini Steel Tube PLC Splitter
A mini steel tube PLC splitter, also commonly called a blockless PLC splitter, uses a compact metal tube to protect the splitter assembly.
Its small size makes it suitable for fiber distribution boxes, splice closures, and other enclosures with limited internal space.
Mini steel tube splitters may be supplied with bare fiber ends or pre-terminated connectors, depending on the configuration.
It is important to note that bare fiber and steel tube are not mutually exclusive categories. Bare fiber describes the termination condition, while steel tube refers to the package construction.
ABS PLC Splitter
An ABS PLC splitter is housed in a protective plastic enclosure, providing additional protection for the internal splitter assembly and fiber connections.
The input and output fibers extend from the enclosure and can be supplied with different connector types or unterminated ends.
ABS PLC splitters are commonly used in fiber distribution boxes, optical distribution frames, and other protected installation environments.
They are suitable for applications requiring a relatively robust package with organized fiber routing.
LGX PLC Splitter
An LGX PLC splitter is integrated into a modular housing designed for installation in compatible LGX panels or enclosures.
Depending on the model, the front panel provides adapter ports for input and output fiber connections.
The modular structure simplifies installation, replacement, and maintenance in centralized fiber distribution systems.
LGX splitters are particularly useful where organized connector access and modular fiber management are required.
However, compatibility with the intended LGX mounting system should be confirmed before purchase.
Plug-In PLC Splitter
A plug-in PLC splitter is designed to fit into a compatible splitter slot or module holder.
This type is commonly used in FTTH distribution points where quick installation and replacement are important.
Plug-in designs can reduce installation time and help maintain organized fiber connections within compatible fiber access terminals or distribution enclosures.
Before selecting a plug-in splitter, check the module dimensions, mounting interface, connector configuration, and compatibility with the enclosure.
Rack Mount PLC Splitter
A rack mount PLC splitter integrates one or more splitter modules into a rack-compatible enclosure, commonly designed for 19-inch mounting systems.
It provides an organized solution for centralized optical signal distribution in PON networks and telecommunications facilities.
Depending on the design, rack mount splitters can offer multiple input and output ports within a compact installation space.
This configuration is suitable for applications requiring centralized access, structured cabling, and convenient maintenance.
Key Factors When Choosing a PLC Splitter
In addition to the package type, several technical factors influence PLC splitter selection.
1. Split Ratio
The split ratio determines how many output paths are provided by the splitter.
Common PLC splitter configurations include:
- 1×2
- 1×4
- 1×8
- 1×16
- 1×32
- 1×64
A higher split ratio allows an optical signal to be distributed to more endpoints, but it also increases optical power loss.
For example, a 1×8 PLC splitter provides eight output paths, while a 1×32 splitter provides 32 output paths.
The appropriate ratio depends on the PON architecture, subscriber requirements, and optical power budget.
2. Insertion Loss
Insertion loss is one of the most important performance parameters when choosing a PLC splitter.
As the split ratio increases, the optical power available at each output generally decreases.
The splitter’s specified insertion loss should be included in the overall link loss calculation, together with losses from optical fibers, connectors, splices, and other network components.
The selected splitter must meet the optical power budget requirements of the network equipment and applicable system specifications.
3. Connector Type
PLC splitters are available with different fiber termination options, including bare fiber ends and pre-installed connectors.
Common connector configurations include SC/APC and SC/UPC.
The connector type should match the network equipment and existing fiber infrastructure.
APC and UPC connector interfaces should not be directly mated because their end-face geometries differ.
4. Package Type and Installation Space
The available installation space is another important consideration.
Mini steel tube splitters are suitable for compact enclosures, while ABS and LGX modules provide different levels of mechanical protection and connection management.
Plug-in splitters are useful for compatible modular distribution systems, while rack mount models are appropriate for centralized installations.
The selected package should fit the intended enclosure and allow sufficient space for fiber routing and maintenance.
5. Operating Environment and Reliability
Consider the temperature range, humidity conditions, and mechanical protection required by the installation.
For outdoor FTTH applications, the splitter should be installed inside a suitable protective enclosure designed for the environmental conditions.
The splitter’s operating wavelength range, uniformity, return loss, and other optical specifications should also be checked against the network requirements.
How to Select the Right PLC Splitter for FTTH Networks
Different FTTH installation scenarios may require different PLC splitter configurations.
For compact fiber distribution boxes, mini steel tube or compatible plug-in splitters can provide efficient use of limited space.
For distribution systems requiring modular connections and convenient maintenance, LGX or plug-in splitters may be more suitable.
ABS PLC splitters are commonly selected for protected installations where a self-contained splitter package is preferred.
For centralized optical distribution systems, rack mount PLC splitters can provide organized access to multiple fiber connections.
Regardless of the package type, the split ratio and insertion loss must be evaluated against the network’s optical power budget.
Connector compatibility, enclosure dimensions, and future maintenance requirements should also be considered before selecting a model.
Conclusion
Choosing the right PLC splitter involves more than selecting a package type.
Bare fiber, mini steel tube, ABS, LGX, plug-in, and rack mount PLC splitters offer different installation and fiber management options for FTTH and other PON networks.
The most suitable configuration depends on the required split ratio, optical performance, connector type, available installation space, and network architecture.
By considering these factors together, network operators and installers can select PLC splitters that support reliable optical signal distribution and efficient network maintenance.